*Legacies of Past and Present Violence: Evidence from Mosul, Iraq

*Replication Instructions

*Sam Whitt, Vera Mironova, Douglas Page

*Below are instructions for replicating all manuscript and online appendix tables and figures in STATA using the dataset "JCR Legagies Replication data.dta". Please contact Sam Whitt (swhitt@highpoint.edu) for questions regarding data replication. See also the dofile "JCR Legagies Replication do file". 

*Note: You may need to install STATA packages for the cibar, cem, and iebaltab commands. Use findit with the command name to identify and download the appropriate packets to install. 

*Note: In addition, some graphs require additional formatting using filename.grec files with the graph play command. To format a graph, simply run the command to generate the graph in the do file in STATA, then open the "Graph Editor" in STATA and click on the GREEN "Play Recording" button, then select "Browse" to select the grec file from the folder "grec files for STATA graph formatting" among Replication files. The name of the grec file is indicated in the note below the graph command in the do file for the specific graph you wish to format. This should automatically format the graph, which you may then save to a location of your choosing.

*"Stata user generated commands to install for replication purposes"

*"cibar"

ssc install cibar, replace

*"iebaltab from ietoolkit"

ssc install ietoolkit, replace

*cem

ssc install cem, replace

*"catcibar"
net install catcibar, from("https://aarondwolf.github.io/catcibar") replace

*powerlog
net install powerlog, from(https://stats.oarc.ucla.edu/stat/stata/ado/analysis) replace

*Manuscript Replication

*In text replication 

*Before ISIS, 74% of our Mosul sample had experienced at least one previous form of victimization resulting in death or injury of family members. However, few (<1%) suffered more than one episode of kinship-related violence before ISIS, and incidents of victimization before the arrival to ISIS are not well correlated with one another. 

tab addpreisisvictimall

*We note high levels of abuse directed at women (39%) and looting of property (20%) by ISIS.  Overall, everyone in the Mosul sample experienced at least one form of victimization, while 70% experienced two forms, 5% three forms, but few (<2%) indicated more than three. 

tab womenabusedlib
tab homelootedlib
tab addisisvictimall

*We found that everyone in the sample was either aware of ISIS killing Iraqi Sunni (79%) or saw ISIS killing Sunni Iraqis (21%) directly, but surprisingly few indicated that they either heard or witnessed ISIS killing any of the mentioned out-groups (8% and 2% respectively). 

tab heardkillsunni
tab sawkillsunni
tab dheardkilloutgroup
tab dsawkilloutgroup

*With 99% of our sample identifying as religious Sunni and 97% as Arabs, we treat giving to Sunni victims' families as in-group altruism and allocations to families of other groups as out-group altruism. 

tab religion if mosul==1
tab ethnicity if mosul==1

*In Figure 3, we show that respondents allocated on average three-fourths (75%) of the endowment to a Sunni victim's family, followed by 15% of the endowment to Yazidi, 4% to Iraqi Shia, 4% to Kurdish and 1% to Christian ISIS victims. The average allotment to all non-Sunni Iraqi groups was 25.1% (St.Dev = 24.5%). Nothing was allocated to families of either foreign victims of ISIS or of people who identified as LGBT+. 

sum perdgsunni perdgshia perdgyazidi perdgkurd perdgchristian perdgforeign perdggay if mosul==1
sum perdgoutgroup if mosul==1

*Overall, respondents exhibit altruism consistent with in-group bias where 76% allocated more than half the allotment to the Sunni victims, including 28% who allocated all funding to the Sunni and nothing to any other groups. Only 24% allocated half or more of the endowment to out-group victims.

tab perdgsunni if mosul==1
*(Note: subtract cum percent at 50% from 100-23.74=76.26)
sum revdgsunnibias if mosul==1

*Footnote19: Only 16 respondents acknowledged being sexually assaulted by ISIS (14 of which were men), and sexual assault is likely underreported compared to other forms of victimization due to social stigma (see Koos 2017).

tab dsexassault if mosul==1

*The average closeness ratings on the 0-10 scale ranged from strong feelings of closeness for Sunni (mean =  9.8) to lowest closeness for LGBT+ people (mean = 0.09). We generated an out-group empathy index based on the interim covariance of feelings toward all out-groups (mean 3.2, st. dev. 1.6, see online appendix for further details). 

sum closesunni closegay if mosul==1
sum closeoutgroup if mosul==1

*In Table 3, we find stronger feelings of closeness to out-groups in the treatment group under victimization priming than in the control group, and the effect size is quite large (Cohen's d=0.76)

esize twosample closeoutgroup if mosul==1, by(victimorder) unequal

*Manuscript Tables and Figures

*Figure 1. Past and Present Victimization (Self-Reported)

*See excel file for formatting. In Stata, use the following:

sum iraniraq-violence14 if mosul==1
graph bar iraniraq- violence14 if mosul==1,  blabel(bar, format(%9.3f)) legend(cols(1) position(3))

*Figure 2. ISIS-Related Victimization (Self-Reported)

*See excel file for formatting. In Stata, use the following:

*Figure 2a.

sum punishedisis imprisonedisis injuredisis dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis famkilledisis womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis if mosul==1

graph bar punishedisis imprisonedisis injuredisis dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis famkilledisis womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis ,  blabel(bar, format(%4.2f)) legend(cols(1) position(3))

*Figure 2b.

sum imprisonedlib injuredlib faminjuredlib famkilledlib womenabusedlib homedamagedlib homelootedlib fledhomelib if mosul==1

graph bar imprisonedlib injuredlib faminjuredlib famkilledlib womenabusedlib homedamagedlib homelootedlib fledhomelib ,  blabel(bar, format(%4.2f)) legend(cols(1) position(3))

*Figure 3 Dictator Game Allocations 

graph bar perdgsunni perdgshia perdgyazidi perdgkurd perdgchristian perdgforeign perdggay if mosul==1,  blabel(bar, format(%9.1f))
graph save g1
catcibar closesunni-closegay if mosul==1
graph save g2
graph combine "g1.gph" "g2.gph"

*additional formatting required using the file "Dictator Game Allocations.grec" file. 

*Figure 4. Average Treatment Effects on Empathy

cibar closeoutgroup if mosul==1, over1(victimorder)
graph save g3

*Code for Jitter data (from Coppock 2021) in READ ME file.
*Code to generate main dependent variable in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate tetrachoric ISIS victim index in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate tetrachoric Pre-ISIS victim index for Mosul in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate variables related to witnessing or hearing about in-group/out-group violence in READ ME file. (already generated)

*Table 2. Victimization and Out-group Altruism (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias mmx_tetraisisvictim, robust
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_tetrapreisisvictim, robust
logit revdgsunnibias dsaworheardkilloutgroup if mosul==1, robust
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_tetraisisvictim mmx_tetrapreisisvictim dsaworheardkilloutgroup hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, cluster(location)

*Table 3.  Empathy, Victimization Priming, and Out-group Altruism (OLS Regression)

reg closeoutgroup victimorder , robust
reg closeoutgroup revdgsunnibias , robust
reg closeoutgroup victimorder revdgsunnibias dsaworheardkilloutgroup mmx_tetraisisvictimall mmx_tetrapreisisvictim hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)

*Online Appendix Replication

*Summary Statistics

sum perdgsunni perdgshia perdgyazidi perdgkurd perdgchristian perdgforeign closeshia closeyazidi closekurd closechristian closeforeigner closegay closeoutgroup sawkillsunni heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup punishedisis dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis famkilledisis womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis injuredlib faminjuredlib famkilledlib homedamagedlib imprisonedlib fledhomelib homelootedlib iraniraq gulfwar saddampre90  iraqwar insurgency03 crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1

*ISIS Victimization Index 

*Tetrachoric Analysis of Victimization Experiences

tetrachoric punishedisis-womenabusedlib dsexassault, posdef
matrix C = r(Rho)
factormat C, n(278) ipf factor(1)
kdensity mmx_tetraisisvictim

*Code to generate tetrachoric ISIS victim index in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate factor analysis ISIS victim index in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate additive ISIS victim index in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate SEM ISIS victim index in READ ME file.(already generated)

*ISIS Victimization and Out-group Altruism (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias mmx_tetraisisvictimall , cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_factorisisvictimall , cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_alphaisisvictimall , cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias i.addisisvictim3, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_semisisvictimall, cluster(location)

*Pre-ISIS Victimization Index 

*Code to generate tetrachoric Pre-ISIS victim index for Mosul in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate factor analysis Pre-ISIS victim index for Mosul in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate alpha Pre-ISIS victim index for Mosul in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Code to generate additive Pre-ISIS victim index for Mosul in READ ME file.(already generated)
*Code to generate SEM Pre-ISIS victim index for Mosul in READ ME file. (already generated)

*Tetrachoric Correlation Matrix of Pre-ISIS-related Victimization Experience

tetrachoric iraniraq gulfwar saddampre90 iraqwar insurgency03 crime03 if mosul==1, posdef
matrix C = r(Rho)
factormat C, n(278) ipf factor(1)
kdensity mmx_tetrapreisisvictimall

*Pre-ISIS Victimization and Out-group Altruism (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias mmx_tetrapreisisvictimall, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_factorpreisisvictimall, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_alphapreisisvictimall, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias addpreisisvictimall if mosul==1, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_sempreisisvictimall if mosul==1, cluster(location)

*Code to generate awareness of others' suffering index in Mosul in READ ME file. (already generated)

*Balance tests

iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(dheardkilloutgroup) savexlsx(balancedheardkilloutroup) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(dsawkilloutgroup) savexlsx(balancedsawkilloutroup) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(sawkillsunni) savexlsx(balancesawkillsunni) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(punishedisis) savexlsx(balancepunishedisis) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(injuredlib) savexlsx(balanceinjuredlib) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(imprisonedlib) savexlsx(balanceimprisonedlib) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(dsexassault) savexlsx(balancedsexassault) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(fampunishedisis) savexlsx(balancefampunishedisis) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(faminjuredisis) savexlsx(balancefaminjuredisis) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(faminjuredlib) savexlsx(balancefaminjuredlib) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(womenabusedisis) savexlsx(balancewomenabusedisis) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(fleehomeisis) savexlsx(balancefleehomeisis) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(homedamagedisis) savexlsx(balancehomedamagedisis) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(fledhomelib) savexlsx(balancefledhomelib) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(homedamagedlib) savexlsx(balancehomedamagedlib) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(homelootedlib) savexlsx(balancehomelootedlib) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(iraniraq) savexlsx(balanceiraniraq) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(gulfwar) savexlsx(balancegulfwar) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(saddampre90) savexlsx(balancesaddampre90) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(iraqwar) savexlsx(balanceiraqwar) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(insurgency03) savexlsx(balanceinsurgency03) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(crime03) savexlsx(balancecrime03) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(hadcovid) savexlsx(balancehadcovid) control(0)
iebaltab female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, groupvar(diedcovid) savexlsx(balancediedcovid) control(0)

*Correlational Analysis of Outgroup Altruism 

pwcorr revdgsunnibias dheardkilloutgroup dsawkilloutgroup sawkillsunni punishedisis injuredisis imprisonedisis dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib iraniraq gulfwar saddampre90 iraqwar insurgency03 crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, sig

*Victimization and Altruism (One-at-a-Time Models)

*Awareness of Out-group Violence (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias dheardkilloutgroup female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias dsawkilloutgroup female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias sawkillsunni female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)

*Personal Victimization by ISIS (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias punishedisis female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias injuredisis female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias imprisonedisis female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias dsexassault female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)

*Kinship Victimization (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias fampunishedisis female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias faminjuredisis female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)

*Proprietary Victimization (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias fleehomeisis female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias homedamagedisis female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias fledhomelib female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias homedamagedlib female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias homelootedlib female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)

*Pre-ISIS Victimization (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias iraniraq female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias gulfwar  female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias saddampre90 female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias iraqwar female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias insurgency03 female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias crime03 female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)

*Covid-related Victimization (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias hadcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, cluster(location)

*Demographic Correlates

pwcorr  revdgsunnibias closeoutgroup female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, sig

*Manuscript Table 2 Robustness Checks

*Table 2. Victimization and Out-group Altruism (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias mmx_tetraisisvictim, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_tetrapreisisvictim, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias dsaworheardkilloutgroup if mosul==1, cluster(location)
logit revdgsunnibias mmx_tetraisisvictim mmx_tetrapreisisvictim dsaworheardkilloutgroup hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul  if mosul==1, cluster(location)

*Table 2. Victimization and Out-group Altruism (Logit Regression)

logit revdgsunnibias  dheardkilloutgroup dsawkilloutgroup if mosul==1, cluster(location)
vif, uncentered
linktest
lfit, group(10)
estat gof, group(10)

logit revdgsunnibias  punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib  if mosul==1, cluster(location)
vif, uncentered
linktest
lfit, group(10)
estat gof, group(10)

logit revdgsunnibias  iraniraq-crime03 if mosul==1, cluster(location)
vif, uncentered
linktest
lfit, group(10)
estat gof, group(10)

logit revdgsunnibias   heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib iraniraq-crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)
vif, uncentered
linktest
lfit, group(10)
estat gof, group(10)

*Sensitivity Analysis – Victimization and Altruism

regsensitivity bounds revdgsunnibias mmx_tetraisisvictimall  female age education income professional laborer unemployed westmosul, dmp

*Power Calculations – Awareness and Victimization Effects

*In addition to G*Power you can use powerlog  command in STATA. 

*Power Calculations for Awareness of Out-Group Suffering

sum dsaworheardkilloutgroup
logistic revdgsunnibias dsaworheardkilloutgroup , cluster(location)
margins, at( dsaworheardkilloutgroup =(0.09 0.37))
powerlog , p1(.23) p2(0.33)

*Power Calculations for ISIS Victimization on Out-Group Altruism

sum mmx_tetraisisvictimall
logistic revdgsunnibias mmx_tetraisisvictimall , cluster(location)
margins, at(mmx_tetraisisvictimall=(0.35 0.51))
powerlog , p1(.23) p2(0.34)

*Power Calculations for Pre-ISIS Victimization on Out-Group Altruism

sum mmx_tetrapreisisvictimall
logistic revdgsunnibias mmx_tetrapreisisvictimall , cluster(location)
margins, at( mmx_tetrapreisisvictimall  =(0.30 0.68))
powerlog , p1(.23) p2(0.31)

*Manuscript Table 3 Robustness Checks

reg closeoutgroup victimorder, robust 
reg closeoutgroup revdgsunnibias, robust
reg closeoutgroup victimorder revdgsunnibias dsaworheardkilloutgroup mmx_tetraisisvictimall mmx_tetrapreisisvictim hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)

*Construction of Outgroup Empathy Index

factor closeshia-closegay if mosul==1

*Sensitivity Analysis – Empathy, Victimization Priming, and Out-Group Altruism

regsensitivity bounds closeoutgroup victimorder female age education income professional laborer unemployed westmosul, dmp

*Balance Tests on Victimization Order Randomization

ksmirnov sawkillsunni if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov dheardkilloutgroup if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov dsawkilloutgroup if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov punishedisis if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov dsexassault if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov fampunishedisis if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov faminjuredisis if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov womenabusedisis if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov fleehomeisis if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov homedamagedisis if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov injuredlib if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov faminjuredlib if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov famkilledlib if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov homedamagedlib if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov imprisonedlib if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov fledhomelib if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov homelootedlib if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov womenabusedlib if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov iraniraq if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov gulfwar if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov saddampre90 if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov iraqwar if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov insurgency03 if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov crime03 if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov hadcovid if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov diedcovid if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov female if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov age if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov professional if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov laborer if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov unemployed if mosul==1, by(victimorder)
ksmirnov westmosul if mosul==1, by(victimorder)

*See also t-tests

iebaltab sawkillsunni dheardkilloutgroup punishedisis dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis injuredlib faminjuredlib famkilledlib homedamagedlib imprisonedlib fledhomelib homelootedlib womenabusedlib iraniraq gulfwar saddampre90 iraqwar insurgency03 crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, groupvar(victimorder) vce(cluster location) savexlsx(balancevictimorder) control(0)

*Correlates of Empathy (OLS Regression)

reg closeoutgroup victimorder if mosul==1, robust

reg closeoutgroup victimorder heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup sawkillsunni punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib, cluster(location)

reg closeoutgroup victimorder  iraniraq-crime03 , cluster(location)

reg closeoutgroup victimorder heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup sawkillsunni punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib iraniraq-crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul, cluster(location)

cem sawkillsunni diedcovid if mosul==1, treatment(victimorder)

reg closeoutgroup victimorder heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup sawkillsunni punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib iraniraq-crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul [pweight=cem_weight], cluster(location)

*Power Calculations – Experimental Average Treatment Effect

power twomeans 2.419 3.557 , power(0.80, 0.90, 0.95, 0.99) sd1(1.80) sd2(1.35) nratio(2.39) graph

*Effects of Victimization Priming on Other Out-Group-Related Variables

*Dictator Game Allocations

graph bar perdgsunni perdgshia perdgyazidi perdgkurd perdgchristian perdgforeign perdggay if mosul==1,  blabel(bar, format(%9.1f))
*additional formatting required using the file "Dictator Game Allocations.grec" file. 

catcibar closesunni-closegay if mosul==1
graph save close
catcibar revcontactsunni-revcontactgay if mosul==1
graph save contact
catcibar revhrsunni-revhrgay if mosul==1
graph save rights
catcibar revprotectsunni-revprotectgay if mosul==1
graph save protect
graph combine "close.gph" "contact.gph" "rights.gph" "protect.gph"
*additional formatting required using "Outcomes Bar Graph.grec" file.

*Code for creating Factor Outcome Variables in READ ME file. (already generated)

*Effects of Victimization Priming on Out-Group-Related Survey Items (OLS Regression)

reg factorcloseoutgroup victimorder if mosul==1, robust
reg factorcontactoutgroup victimorder if mosul==1, robust
reg factorhroutgroup victimorder if mosul==1, robust
reg factorprotectoutgroup victimorder if mosul==1, robust

*Victimization Priming and Out-Group-Related Survey Items (OLS Regression, Extended Controls)

reg factorcloseoutgroup victimorder heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup sawkillsunni punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib iraniraq-crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)

reg factorcontactoutgroup victimorder heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup sawkillsunni punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib iraniraq-crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)

reg factorhroutgroup victimorder heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup sawkillsunni punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib iraniraq-crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)

reg factorprotectoutgroup victimorder heardkilloutgroup sawkilloutgroup sawkillsunni punishedisis injuredlib imprisonedlib dsexassault fampunishedisis faminjuredisis faminjuredlib womenabusedisis fleehomeisis homedamagedisis  fledhomelib homedamagedlib homelootedlib iraniraq-crime03 hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed westmosul if mosul==1, cluster(location)

*Altruism and Out-Group-Related Survey Items (OLS Regression)

reg factorcloseoutgroup revdgsunnibias if mosul==1 , cluster(location)
reg factorcontactoutgroup revdgsunnibias if mosul==1 , cluster(location)
reg factorhroutgroup revdgsunnibias  if mosul==1 , cluster(location)
reg factorprotectoutgroup revdgsunnibias if mosul==1  , cluster(location)

*Instrumenting on Victimization Priming (IV-Probit)

ivregress 2sls factorcloseoutgroup ( revdgsunnibias =  victimorder) if mosul==1, vce(cluster location)
ivregress 2sls factorcontactoutgroup ( revdgsunnibias =  victimorder) if mosul==1, vce(cluster location)
ivregress 2sls factorhroutgroup ( revdgsunnibias =  victimorder) if mosul==1, vce(cluster location)
ivregress 2sls factorprotectoutgroup ( revdgsunnibias =  victimorder) if mosul==1, vce(cluster location)

*Victimization Effects – Inclusion of Basra Data

*Dictator Game Allocations (Mosul-Basra)

graph bar perdgsunni perdgshia perdgyazidi perdgkurd perdgchristian perdgforeign perdggay if mosul==1,  blabel(bar, format(%9.1f))
*additional formatting required using "Dictator Game Allocation.grec" file.

*Coding for Mosul-Basra combined Out-group Altruism variable in READ ME file. (already generated)
*Coding for Mosul-Basra out-group empathy variable in READ ME file.(already generated)

*Table 2. Effects of Victimization and Empathy on Out-group Altruism (including Basra)

logit revdgingroupbias mosul sunni c.bcloseoutgroup , cluster(location)
logit revdgingroupbias mosul sunni c.bcloseoutgroup iraniraq-violence14  , cluster(location)
logit revdgingroupbias mosul sunni c.bcloseoutgroup iraniraq-violence14  hadcovid diedcovid female age professional laborer unemployed, cluster(location)

log close


